Carbonized melamine foam, nke otu ndị otu Jaephil Cho webatara na Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (Korea), akwụkwọ akụkọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma maka mbelata oxygen na mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ na batrị, na-enye ihe ngwọta nke ga-ekwe omume iji belata ọnụ ahịa mana ọ na-enye batrị ígwè-ikuku nke ọma na mmanụ ọkụ.
Otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke Korea na America ewepụtala ihe ọhụrụ maka elektrọd dabere na ụfụfụ melamine dị ọnụ ala na carbon black. Nnukwu porosity ahụ na-eme ka njem ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa dị mfe, ọtụtụ ebe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na catalytic na-emekwa ka ọrụ kathode maka mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ na batrị ígwè na-ebelata oxygen dịkwuo elu nke ukwuu.
Mmeghachi omume na-eme na cathodes nke mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ ọkụ na batrị ígwè-ikuku bụ mbelata electrochemical nke oxygen, ya bụ mmeghachi omume mbelata oxygen (ORR). A na-egbochi mmeghachi omume a nke ukwuu n'ihi ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ dị umengwụ ya, na ịrụ ọrụ nke sel dị ala karịa ka ọ pụrụ ịdị.
Catalytic cathode aghaghị ịhụ na ikuku oxygen na-emeghachi omume na mmiri, na-eburu electrons iji mepụta OH-ions na ngwọta alkaline. Nsogbu bụ na n'ime usoro mgbagwoju anya nke gụnyere ihe siri ike, mmiri mmiri na gas, usoro njem na-adịkarị ngwa ngwa ma na-egbochi usoro ahụ, karịsịa mgbe ị na-ebufe ya na njupụta dị elu ugbu a.
Cathodes mere nke a porous carbon nkwado (carbon oji) nke metal catalytically na-arụ ọrụ dị ka platinum na-agbasasị nke ọma nwere ike belata nke ọma kinetic mgbochi a. Otú ọ dị, ha dị oke ọnụ ma ọ bụghị nke siri ike, si otú a na-eme ka ha ghara ịdị irè maka ngwa zuru ebe niile.
Otu ndị otu Jaephil Cho na-edu na Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (Korea) na Meilin Liu na Georgia Institute of Technology (USA) si otú a na-achọ ịmepụta usoro ọzọ nke akụ na ụba.
A kpaliri ha site na nhazi tetrapod (Greek tetra: anọ, podes: ụkwụ) nke mmiri mmiri na-agbaji iji mepụta ọkụ eletrik ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. A na-arụ tetrapods, bụ́ ndị “ụkwụ ya” anọ ya na-atụ n'akụkụ akụkụ nke tetrahedron a pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche, n'ụsọ oké osimiri nakwa n'akụkụ ihe mgbochi mmiri na olulu iji belata ike ebili mmiri na-ada n'ikpere mmiri ahụ. Ihe owuwu ndị a na-enyekwa ebe nsọ maka ụdị ndụ mmiri n'ọtụtụ nnukwu oghere ha. Mgbe a na-eji pyrolyzed ụfụfụ melamine ma jiri ngwa agha kụdaa, ọ na-emepụta iberibe ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe ndị yiri tetrapods.
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ji ígwè chloride na nitrogen-doped ketjenblack (na-eduzi pellets nke carbon ojii). Ha kpochapuru ngwaahịa a ma were sulfuric acid wepụta ya. Nanotetrapods ndị a na-esi na ya pụta nwere nanoparticles nke carbon ojii nwere mpaghara elu dị elu nke ukwuu, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ebe na-arụ ọrụ ike (Fe/Fe).3C, na otu CN), na ọtụtụ oghere na-enye ohere maka njem ngwa ngwa. Cathodes nke ihe electrode ọhụrụ a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-adịgide adịgide na arụmọrụ dị oke mma, tụnyere nke ndị cathodes nke metal - na ọnụ ala dị ala. Ndị a nwere ike ịnọchite anya mmalite mmalite na-ekwe nkwa nke ukwuu maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke batrị igwe ikuku na igwe mmanụ ọkụ dị ọnụ ala na nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
SINOYQX na-akwado ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na mahadum dị na China maka itinye ụfụfụ melamine na carbon maka mbelata oxygen na sel mmanụ na batrị.
E hotara ụfọdụ n'ime ha site na http://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/4153391/Inspired_by_a_Breakwater.html.